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The 1948 Palestinian exodus, also known as the Nakba ((アラビア語:النكبة), "al-Nakbah", literally "disaster", "catastrophe", or "cataclysm"),〔Stern, Yoav. ("Palestinian refugees, Israeli left-wingers mark Nakba" ), "Ha'aretz." Tel Aviv, 13 May 2008; (Nakba 60 ), BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights; Cleveland, William L. "A History of the Modern Middle East," Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2004, p. 270. ISBN 978-0-8133-4047-0〕 occurred when more than 700,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from their homes, during the 1948 Palestine war. The term "nakba" also refers to the period of war itself and events affecting Palestinians from December 1947 to January 1949. The precise number of refugees is a matter of dispute but around 80 percent of the Arab inhabitants of what became Israel (50 percent of the Arab total of Mandatory Palestine) left or were expelled from their homes.〔Masalha, Nur (1992). "Expulsion of the Palestinians." Institute for Palestine Studies, this edition 2001, p. 175.〕〔 "In 1948 half of Palestine's… Arabs were uprooted from their homes and became refugees"〕 The causes are also a subject of fundamental disagreement between Arabs and Israelis. Factors involved in the exodus include Jewish military advances, attacks against Arab villages and fears of another massacre by Zionist militias after the Deir Yassin massacre,〔Morris, Benny. "The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited," Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-81120-0〕 which caused many to leave out of panic; Arab evacuation orders; expulsion orders by Israeli authorities; the voluntary self-removal of the wealthier classes, the collapse in Palestinian leadership, and an unwillingness to live under Jewish control. Later, a series of laws passed by the first Israeli government prevented them from returning to their homes, or claiming their property. They and many of their descendants remain refugees.〔Kodmani-Darwish, p. 126; Féron, Féron, p. 94.〕〔http://www.unrwa.org/etemplate.php?id=87〕 The expulsion of the Palestinians has since been described by some historians as ethnic cleansing,〔〔〔Shavit, Ari. (Survival of the Fittest? An Interview with Benny Morris ). Logos. Winter 2004〕 while others dispute this charge.〔Benny Morris, "Benny Morris on fact, fiction, & propaganda about 1948," "The Irish Times," 21 February 2008, (reported by Jeff Weintraub ) 〕 The status of the refugees, and in particular whether Israel will grant them their claimed right to return to their homes or be compensated, are key issues in the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The events of 1948 are commemorated by Palestinians both in the Palestinian territories as well as elsewhere on 15 May, a date now known as Nakba Day. ==History== The history of the Palestinian exodus is closely tied to the events of the war in Palestine, which lasted from 1947 to 1949, and to the political events preceding it. In September 1949, the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine estimated 711,000 Palestinian refugees existed outside Israel, with about one-quarter of the estimated 160,000 Palestinian Arabs remaining in Israel as "internal refugees." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1948 Palestinian exodus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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